1、 Background

Biodiversity monitoring is an important foundation for promoting the three water governance, protecting biodiversity, and promoting ecological civilization construction

1) Global biodiversity crisis

On a global scale, due to the impact of climate change and human activities, the decline in biodiversity and the rate of species extinction have accelerated in the past few decades (IPBES, 2019).

2) The Urgent Need for Three Waters Co governance

Protecting biodiversity is an important part of implementing the national ecological civilization strategy.

The 15th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity was successfully held in Kunming in October 2021. China's declaration, commitment, and advocacy for biodiversity conservation will undoubtedly inject stronger confidence and momentum into global ecological and environmental governance.

3) National Strategy for Ecological Civilization

During the 14th Five Year Plan period, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment proposed that China's water environment protection will evolve from an era with "reducing water pollution indicators" as the main goal to an era of "water resource utilization, water environment governance, and water ecological protection", marking a leap from single dimensional pollution indicator assessment to multi-dimensional water ecosystem health assessment.